데몬 스크립트 작성 및 등록하기

1. 일단 스크립트 작성

#!/bin/sh
cd /var/www/html
sudo echo-service start

2. /etc/init.d에 복사

3. 권한 변경 및 등록

sudo update-rc.d echo.sh defaults
sudo chmod +x echo.sh

4. insserv 경고 대처 (무시해도 상관 없다)
   스크립트에 LSB Tags 넣기

#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          turtlelab
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start Echo daemon at boot time
# Description:       Enable service provided by daemon.
### END INIT INFO

cd /var/www/html
sudo echo-service start

 

How to LSBize an Init Script

A status page for dependency based boot sequencing is available.

This is a short documentation about how to make an Init Script LSB (Linux Standard Base)-compliant based on the Chapter 20 of the LSB 3.1.

LSB-compliant init scripts need to:

• provide, at least, the following actions: start, stop, restart, force-reload, and status. All of those, except for status, are required by the Debian Policy, chapter 9.3.2 Writing the scripts. "Status" support has been requested into policy, see #291148 and LSBInitScripts/StatusSupport.
• return proper exit status codes.
• document runtime dependencies.
• [optionally] Log messages using the Init.d functions: log_success_msg, log_failure_msg and log_warning_msg (This would introduce consistent output in scripts, as requested in http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2005/06/msg00729.html

and should also follow Debian Policy, chapter 9.4 Console messages from init.d scripts)

Full information on the actions (and return codes) that LSB scripts have to honor are available at LSB 3.1, Chapter 20.2. Init Script Actions. Maintainers should review that section and review / adjust their init.d scripts accordingly.

 

Run-time dependencies

Adding run-time dependencies was a release goal for Lenny, and dependency based boot sequencing is the default in Squeeze. There is a separate wiki page documenting that effort.

By documenting the run-time dependencies for init.d scripts, it becomes possible to verify the current boot order, order the boot using these dependencies, and run boot scripts in parallel to speed up the boot process.

Add a block like this in the init.d script:

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          scriptname
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start daemon at boot time
# Description:       Enable service provided by daemon.
### END INIT INFO

The block shown above has a special rigid format delimited by the lines

 

### BEGIN INIT INFO
### END INIT INFO

where all trailing spaces shall be ignored. On the other hand, all lines inside the block shall be of the form

# {keyword}: arg1 [arg2...]

and begin with a hash character '#' in the first column followed by one single space, except for the lines following the Description keyword. The following keywords are defined

Provides: boot_facility_1 [boot_facility_2...]

• defines boot facilities provided by this init script such that when the script is run with the start argument, the specified boot facilities will be deemed present and hence other init scripts which require those boot facilities must be started at a later stage. Normally you should use the script name as boot facility (without .sh if the file name has such an ending) but one can in the exceptional case also use the name of the service(s) that the script replaces. Boot facilities provided by scripts must not start with '$'. (Virtual facility names listed below are defined outside the init.d scripts.) Facility names should be unique within the distribution, to avoid 'duplicate provides' errors when a package is installed.

Required-Start: boot_facility_1 [boot_facility_2...]

• defines facilities that must be available to start the script. Consider using virtual facility names as described below if adequate. If no boot facility is specified it means that this script can be started just after the bootstrap without local filesystems mounted, nor system logger, etc.

Required-Stop: boot_facility_1 [boot_facility_2...]

• defines facilities used by the service provided by the script. The facility provided by this script should stop before the listed facilities are stopped to avoid conflicts. Normally you would include here the same facilities as for the Required-Start keyword.

Should-Start: boot_facility_1 [boot_facility_2...]

• defines the facilities that if present should start before the service provided by the script. Nevertheless, the script can still start if the listed facilities are missing. This allows for weak dependencies which do not cause the service to fail if a facility is not available. Consider using virtual facility names as described below if adequate.

Should-Stop: boot_facility_1 [boot_facility_2...]

• defines the facilities that if present should be stopped after this service. Normally you would include here the same facilities as those used with the Should-Start keyword.

Default-Start: run_level_1 [run_level_2...]

Default-Stop: run_level_1 [run_level_2...]

• defines the run levels where the script should be started (stopped) by default. For example, if a service should run in runlevels 3, 4, and 5 only, specify "Default-Start: 3 4 5" and "Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6".

Short-Description: short_description

• provide a brief description of the actions of the init script. Limited to a single line of text.

Description: multiline_description

• provide a more complete description of the actions of the init script. May span multiple lines. In a multiline description, each continuation line shall begin with a '#' followed by tab character or a '#' followed by at least two space characters. The multiline description is terminated by the first line that does not match this criteria.

X-Start-Before: boot_facility_1 [boot_facility_2...]

X-Stop-After: boot_facility_1 [boot_facility_2...]

• provide reverse dependencies, that appear as if the listed facilities had should-start and should-stop on the package with these headers.

X-Interactive: true

• Indicates that this init script can interact with the user, requesting some input (for example, a password). This make sure the script run alone when the boot system starts scripts in parallell and have direct access to the tty.

For dependency tracking, the provides, required- and should- keywords are important, and the rest is unused. The default runlevels are used by a program to order the init scripts (e.g. 

insserv

) to keep track of which rc#.d directory to update when a service is added for the first time, and should reflect the intent of the service.

There are some "virtual" facility names, listed in the [LSB 3.1]. These are:

$local_fs	all local filesystems are mounted. All scripts that write in /var/ need to depend on this, unless they already depend on $remote_fs.
$network	low level networking (ethernet card; may imply PCMCIA running)
$named	daemons which may provide hostname resolution (if present) are running. For example, daemons to query DNS, NIS+, or LDAP.
$portmap	daemons providing ?SunRPC/ONCRPC portmapping service as defined in RFC 1833 (if present) are running all remote
$remote_fs	all filesystems are mounted. In some LSB run-time environments, filesystems such as /usr may be remote. If the script need a mounted /usr/, it needs to depend on $remote_fs. Scripts depending on $remote_fs do not need to depend on $local_fs. During shutdown, scripts that need to run before sendsigs kills all processes should depend on $remote_fs.
$syslog	system logger is operational
$time	the system time has been set, for example by using a network-based time program such as ntp or rdate, or via the hardware Real Time Clock. Note that just depending on ntp will not result in an accurate time just after ntp started. It usually takes minutes until ntp actually adjusts the time. Also note that standard insserv.conf just lists hwclock as $time.
$all	facility supported by  insserv to start a script after all the scripts not depending on $all, at the end of the boot sequence. This only work for start ordering, not stop ordering. Depending on a script depending on $all will give incorrect ordering, as the script depending on $all will be started after the script depending on it.

Other (non-system) facilities may be defined by other applications. These facilities shall be named using the same conventions defined for naming init scripts. See the list of proposed Debian specific virtual facilities for more information on this.

Most of this section was originally based from a message by Petter Reinholdtsen on Debian-devel.

 

BTS reports related to LSB headers are usertagged.